Before a medicinal product can be marketed and sold, a marketing authorisation must be obtained from the relevent National Competent Authorities. The marketing authorisation application process can take one...
Biomarkers are indicators used in medical research to measure biological processes, disease processes, and responses to treatment. The use of biomarkers can improve the process of medicines development and...
During the target selection step of the medicines development process, scientists choose which abnormal process to focus on and correct in order to treat an illness.
During lead generation, many molecules are tested for target interaction. These may then need to be altered, or optimised, in order to improve their effect on the target.
During the non-clinical safety testing step of the medicines discovery and development process, molecules undergo safety testing in animal subjects in order to determine whether or not they are...
Phase II clinical studies, or proof of concept studies, begin to test the effect of a medicine on the target disease in humans. These studies are usually run as...
Phase I clinical studies, or proof of mechanism studies, test the safety of a medicine in humans. Usually, these studies are carried out in healthy human volunteers.
