Glossary

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  • CTComputer Tomography
  • ConcomitantSomething that exists or occurs at the same time as something else. It can be a natural event, but in medicine is used when referring to: Concomitant medication: two or more medicines are given at the same time when treating diseases, or Concomitant disease: a second disease (or more) is(...)
  • Confidence IntervalA confidence interval is an estimated range of values in which all data (results) are likely to lie. For a given treatment effect measured in a trial on a sample of a population, the confidence interval can be calculated to give a 'best estimate' range of the treatment effect that will be seen(...)
  • CIA confidence interval is an estimated range of values in which all data (results) are likely to lie. For a given treatment effect measured in a trial on a sample of a population, the confidence interval can be calculated to give a 'best estimate' range of the treatment effect that will be seen(...)
  • Confirmatory studiesThese are studies conducted in Phase III of the clinical development of a medicine. They aim to confirm the efficacy and safety in a large patient population. They can involve thousands of patients, can be run in many countries, require a huge amount of expertise to be run effectively, and are(...)
  • Confounding VariableA confounding variable is something, other than the treatment being studied, that can affect the measured outcome of a trial . For example, imagine that a medicine to prevent the common cold is tested by administering it to 1,000 men, while a placebo is administered to a group of 1,000 women.(...)
  • Continuous endpointA measurement, often expressed in numbers, collected in a clinical trial that represents a specific variable. Unlike binary endpoints which are expressed by ‘yes’ or ‘no’ (e.g. ‘survived’ against ‘dead’), continuous endpoints are expressed by measurement on a continuum of possible values over(...)
  • Contract research organisationA contract research organisation (CRO) is an independent organisation that provides support into the medicines development process. Typically, a CRO will organise and conduct clinical trials to test an investigational medicinal product in humans.
  • CROA contract research organisation (CRO) is an independent organisation that provides support into the medicines development process. Typically, a CRO will organise and conduct clinical trials to test an investigational medicinal product in humans.
  • Coordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised procedures – humanCoordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised procedures – human (CMDh) http://www.hma.eu/cmdh.html"

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