Signalling PathwayA signalling pathway is a sequence of steps involving several molecules in a cell or at its surface (receptors) that work together to control cell functions.Signalling pathways are important in controlling many functions such as cell division, cell death, and the switching on or off of certain(...)
SignificanceIn a clinical trial, the significance is a description of how meaningful (valid) a trial result is. When evaluating the validity of a study, one must consider both the clinical and statistical significance of the findings. A study that claims clinical relevance may lack sufficient statistical(...)
Significance LevelThe significance level (or α level) is a threshold that determines whether a study result can be considered statistically significant after performing the planned statistical tests. The significance level is most often set to 5% (or 0.05), although other levels may be used depending on the(...)
SilencingSilencing refers to the ability of a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Methods used to silence genes are increasingly being used in the laboratory to produce therapies against diseases, such as cancers, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders by selectively turning(...)
Single ascending dose studyA single ascending dose study (SAD study) is a type of Phase I trial. Single ascending dose studies are usually conducted in a small number of healthy volunteers (although some trials recruit patients). The aim is to find out the safe dose range, and to look for any side effects. The initial(...)
SADA single ascending dose study (SAD study) is a type of Phase I trial. Single ascending dose studies are usually conducted in a small number of healthy volunteers (although some trials recruit patients). The aim is to find out the safe dose range, and to look for any side effects. The initial(...)
siRNASmall interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecule that interferes with the expression of specific genes.
Site visitA visit by agency officials, representatives of the sponsor, or consultants to the location of a research activity (e.g. a clinical trial site) to assess if the site is fully prepared for the protection of trial participants and the safe and successful conduct of the clinical trial.
