During the target selection step of the medicines development process, scientists choose which abnormal process to focus on and correct in order to treat an illness.
During lead generation, many molecules are tested for target interaction. These may then need to be altered, or optimised, in order to improve their effect on the target.
During the non-clinical safety testing step of the medicines discovery and development process, molecules undergo safety testing in animal subjects in order to determine whether or not they are...
Phase II clinical studies, or proof of concept studies, begin to test the effect of a medicine on the target disease in humans. These studies are usually run as...
Phase I clinical studies, or proof of mechanism studies, test the safety of a medicine in humans. Usually, these studies are carried out in healthy human volunteers.
Phase III clinical studies, or confirmatory studies, are the final confirmation of the safety and efficacy of a medicine before it can be launched on the market. Phase III...
After Phase III of clinical studies, all the information on a medicin is collected and organised in a pre-determiend format (a dossier), which is then submitted to the regulatory...
Life-cycle management activities begin as soon as a medicine receives authorisation from the regulatory authorities. Research on the medicine continues in order to gather additional data on safety and...
Vaccines are biological preparations developed from modified versions of the micro-organisms that cause a disease. Vaccines improve or convey immunity to particular diseases, usually in an effort to prevent...
